The Opinion of Capital Punishment Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The Supreme Court has on several occasions dealt with judging the merits of the death penalty and whether or not it is interpreted by the Constitution as punishment which is cruel and unusual. The Court has always ruled the terminology of the Eighth Amendment does not exclude the implementation of death as punishment. The Constitution is a malleable document, however. The interpretation of the Eighth Amendment has evolved somewhat throughout the years and the Court could possibly reverse this point of view sometime in the future as a result of changing societal values. For example, the whipping of offenders was commonplace until the late Eighteenth Century. This practice came to be considered inappropriate because society s opinion changed to include it as a cruel punishment. With respect to capital punishment, though, the Court has maintained that there remains broad public support for the death penalty as a remedy for the most serious of crimes (Mott, 2004). Historically s peaking, the rationale for punishing criminals has been to avenge the crime, to protect society by imprisoning the criminal, to deter that person and other potential offenders from the commission of crimes and to obtain reparations from the offender (Wolfgang, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on The Opinion of Capital Punishment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This use of punishment is society s way of striking back at one who has disturbed the emotional and ethical senses of a people (Lunden, 1967: 232).

Other Side of Outsourcing by Thomas Friedman - 738 Words

ASSIGNMENT 2 â€Å"Other side of outsourcing† by: Thomas Friedman The impact outsourcing had to United States was for some Americans bad. They claim the jobs they loose and the disadvantages that Americans were facing due to this radical change. While in the United States some people were disgusted, in the other side of the world, the young people were very thankful. This change made a revolution on their culture; the new Indian generations were entering to a whole new world, making a big change between Indian generations. This documental was made by Thomas Friedman, a New York Times columnist in 2004, he had written a lot of articles about globalism. He starts interviewing the employees of a call center located in India. The experience he†¦show more content†¦They conclude with the huge difference that is being live between the two generations. But what they reflect is the importance that the Indian culture gives to the family, they say that the family is very important and whether they young folks are entering to a new world they still keep their roots with them. Friedman also talks with the members of the RSS, a nationalist organization that promotes Hindu supremacy throughout India. They discuss all the changes that globalization has brought to their culture, for example valentine’s day. Then He visits â€Å"Jadoo Works† an animation company that is outsourcing the animation of some cartoons in the United States. The entire visual artists that work in here are based on traditional Indian art. They said is a way to use what they already have and transform it into something new. The artists are trained for 6 months before starting to animate, because some of them haven’t even used a computer before. Friedman also interviews an enthusiastic manager from this company that declares that India is going to be the work force of the future. With these we see that Indians are taking very seriously their new role into globalization. As a consequence many American jobs are being loosed. Then Friedman discuss with an Indian entrepreneur the impact of outsourcing on America and the way he view globalization as a two way traffic, where not only one nation is affected by this change. Then he talks to another organization of women’s

Integrated Theories of Criminal Justice Essay example

Integrated Theories of Criminal Justice Abstract Two theorist and theories that have been recognized by many involved in the criminal justice field are Ross L. Matsuedas Theory of Differential Social Control, and, Charles R. Tittles Control Balance Theory. Matsuedas theory, (1) identifies a broader range of individual-level mechanisms of social control, (2) specifying group and organizational processes for controlling delinquency, (3) conceptualizing classical criminological theories as special cases of a general interactionist framework, and (4) testing the interactionist model empirically against specific hypotheses drawn from competing theories. Tittles theory believes deviance results from the convergence of four variables: (1)†¦show more content†¦Another theoretical trend integrates traditional theories, such as anomie, disorganization, social control, labeling, differential association, and social learning theories, to increase explanatory power or link levels of explanation (Elliott, Ageton, and Canter 1979; Elliot t, Huizinga, and Ageton 1985; Pearson and Weiner 1985; Thornberry 1987). Which leads us to two theorist that have been recognized by many involved in the criminal justice field. One being, Ross L. Matsuedas Theory of Differential Social Control, and the other, Charles R. Tittles Control Balance Theory. Matsueda takes a different avenue and specifies a theory of delinquency based on unified framework of symbolic interactionist view of the self as a reflection of the appraisals of others. He (1) identifies a broader range of individual-level mechanisms of social control, (2) specifying group and organizational processes for controlling delinquency, (3) conceptualizing classical criminological theories as special cases of a general interactionist framework, and (4) testing the interactionist model empirically against specific hypotheses drawn from competing theories. Ross Matsueda uses symbolic interactionism to show how the social control of delinquency lies in an interactionist co nception of the self. He bases his explanation on Meads (1934) thesis that the self arises in problematic situations when an individual takes the role ofShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Theory Integration1050 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages/Disadvantages One disadvantage of theory integration the possibility of the wrong mixture of theories by criminologist which could increase the odds of a person gravitating towards criminality increase (Frame, 2009). 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However, they are studying an array of criminal behaviors that involve illicit and illegal behaviors in an effort to establish how important integrated theory will affect the future of criminologyRead MoreRestorative Justice Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesRestorative justice is an innovative approach to the criminal justice system that focuses on repairing the harm caused by crimes committed. The methods used in the conventional justice system may deter the off ender from committing further crimes, but it does neither repair the harm caused, nor help them acknowledge their responsibility, instead it stigmatises them, worsening the situation instead of improving it (Johnstone 2003). â€Å"Stigmatisation is the kind of shaming that creates outcasts; it isRead MoreCriminal Behavior : Crime And Crime Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesefining Criminal Behavior Part A: Criminal behavior Even though crime and criminal activities have existed for a while, the intensity, sophistication, art of execution, and the ultimate consequences have been profound in the current age. 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The United States Criminal Justice system is amongst the most respected governmental entities on the planet; and with a formidably structured and well developed hierarchy, history has uncovered its adaptability through operational effectiveness. Although many process, protocols, and scientifically reforms have been adopted, criminal justice practitioners and senior level leaders provide are continuously developing and revitalizingRead MoreWhat Causes Delinquent Behavior Essays931 Words   |  4 Pagesstudied the Criminal Justice System and the behavior of criminals using different forms of theories, which in turn, lead to the Classical School and the Positive School. We all use theories in our everyday life. We make assumptions about certain things, that in turn allow us to form a kind of theory or thought. We gather these assumptions very early on in life, by what we have been taught or have learned. Exactly what is a theory and how is it different form a hypothesis? A theory is a set ofRead MoreUnderstanding Criminals Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesengage in criminal activities. We as human beings are all capable of committing or engaging in delinquent behavior. What stands in the way of a person that makes them decided to engage in deviant behavior or to choose not to commit crimes at all? We may never truly know or understand the real reasons behind why certain people make decisions like these everyday. Early philosophers and scientists looked carefully and dug deep into the Criminal Justice System and the behavior of criminals using theoriesRead MoreGeneral Theory Of Crime And Delinquency919 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Theory of Crime and Delinquency Many theories exist including biological, psychological, and sociological theories that have been proposed by many criminologists in the criminal justice field and have been closely studied by people (Agnew, Cullen, Wilcox, 2004). Most theories are proposed at the micro level meaning it tries to explain the criminal behavior of individuals and some are proposed at the macro level which tries to explain the crime rates in social groups, meaning micro focusesRead MoreEssay on Theories of Crime and Criminal Activity1488 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Crime and Criminal Activity Every theory of crime has at least 2-3 meta-theoretical levels above it. The fundamental issues are usually addressed at the approach level, and are often called the assumptions, or starting points, of a theory, although the term assumptions more strictly refers to the background or domain boundaries one can draw generalizations about. Above the approach level is the Perspective level, the largest unit of agreement within a scientific community, and

Methodological And Opportunities Auditing -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Methodological And Opportunities Auditing? Answer: Introducation This section provides various independent situations, which the auditors often encounter in their day-to-day activities. The auditors are often required to issue qualified and unqualified audit reports based on the financial information provided on the part of the organisations. Thus, this section would aim to evaluate three independent situations, in which the auditors are needed to provide their audit opinion along with explanation of the issued opinion. Based on the provided case study, it could be stated that the Connor Company is encountering increased complexities to repay its debts during the past financial year. The auditors have the primary responsibility of examining the financial statements of the organisations, which would enable in assuring that the financial statements of such organisations do not contain material misstatements and they have been developed by adhering to the crucial regulations. However, the auditors are not allowed to make comments on the financial positions of the organisations; in case, there are no frauds (Farooq et al. 2017). For Connor Company, it could be observed that the organisation is reliant largely on bank overdraft in paying its loans, since no finance alternative is available to the organisation. Along with this, the bank needs repayment within a month. It depicts the poor financial position of the Connor Company. However, this aspect has not developed any materiality effect. The auditor has not identified any material misstatement in any of the financial statements of the Connor Company. This signifies that the organisation is not involved in manipulating any of its financial statements in hiding its poor debt-paying condition. Hence, the auditor, in this case, would issue unqualified audit opinion for the Connor Company (Junior, Best and Cotter 2014). The organisations have the responsibility of preparing and presenting their financial statements depending on the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Along with this, the organisations are needed to conform to the accounting regulations of the nation, in which they are involved to operate (Knechel and Salterio 2016). According to the given situation, FIFO method is supposed to be followed on the part of the organisation for valuing inventory. However, it has been identified that the organisation is following the LIFO method, which is followed in its American parent company. Due to this reason, the differential effect between the enforcement of FIFO and LIFO has influenced the inventory valuation contributing to material misstatement. Even though the effects are limited on inventory and there is no effect on the other financial statements of the organisation. Hence, in this specific area, the auditor has the right of issuing adverse opinion, since there are material misstatements as well as compliance issue. However, besides inventory, there is no signal of material misstatement in any of the financial statements of the organisation and there is not any issue of compliance. Due to this reason, there would be issuance of qualified audit opinion on the part of the auditor. The qualified audit opinion is almost identical to the unqualified audit opinion. However, in case of unqualified audit opinion, the auditor needs to include another paragraph, which would depict the reason for which the report is unqualified (Louwers et al. 2015). According to the provided information, the Victorian Manufacturing Company is involved in manufacturing prefabricated concrete in its factories. It has been found out that the organisation has included its factories in the balance sheet statement at market value minus accumulated depreciation. The organisations are needed to conduct the valuation of their non-current assets like land, plant, building, machinery and others regularly because of the change in market price. In case of Victorian Manufacturing Company, it could be evaluated that it has not carried out its factory valuation located in Melbourne for the past five years, since the directors might perceive that the market value has remained the same (William Jr, Glover and Prawitt 2016). Hence, the directors have made some primary assumptions, which might not be suitable and this could result in main material misstatement. When the audit operations are carried out, the auditors are required to obtain the existing fair value of building and land. However, if the fair value is absent, it would not be possible for the auditors to provide accurate audit opinion, since it hinders their process of examination (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). Due to this reason, the auditors would issue opinion disclaimer, since it is not possible for them to provide the correct report of audit. References: Farooq, M.B., Farooq, M.B., De Villiers, C. and De Villiers, C., 2017. The market for sustainability assurance services: A comprehensive literature review and future avenues for research.Pacific Accounting Review,29(1), pp.79-106. Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: A historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2015.Auditing assurance services. McGraw-Hill Education. Simnett, R., Carson, E. and Vanstraelen, A., 2016. International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues, and Opportunities.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(3), pp.1-32. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.